Move the U.N.?
Por su interés y relevancia, he seleccionado el artículo que sigue para incluirlo en este sitio web. (L. B.-B.)
Americans grew up with kind feelings toward the United Nations. Many remain
nostalgic about their childhood UNESCO Halloween buckets and UNICEF Christmas
cards. Such good will explains why we host the organization and cover a quarter
of its operating budget.
The U.N. rose from the ashes of World War II and was the dream of Western
idealists who sought to globally enact liberal notions of human rights and
jurisprudence.
Only a humane transnational body, it was felt, could avoid a repeat of the
loss of 50 million lives in World War II. A Security Council of great powers was
to add muscle to resolutions -- avoiding the irrelevance of the defunct League
of Nations, which proved impotent in the face of fascist aggression. This time,
the world body would be in Manhattan, symbolizing U.S. commitment to world
arbitration rather than isolationism.
Well, here we
are in 2005 with nearly 60 years of the U.N. -- and more people have been lost
in wars since 1945 than during World War II itself. Americans now distrust the
U.N.'s record as much as they might applaud its idealism in theory. Why?
A half-century of Soviet bloc politics poisoned the body. Dictatorships that
killed millions of their own had a say equal to many Western democracies. Third
World countries were silent about the 80 million butchered by Josef Stalin and
Mao Tse-tung and the millions more lost in African and Asian tribal and
religious wars.
Instead, more than 400 U.N. resolutions gratuitously targeted tiny
democratic Israel -- without equal condemnation of its autocratic neighbors or
concern for China's annexation of Tibet or Russia's absorbing the disputed
Sakhalin Islands.
The terrorist Yasser Arafat addressed the General Assembly with a holster --
to applause. Autocratic Cuba, Iran, Libya and Syria sat on or even chaired the
U.N. Commission on Human Rights. U.N. blue helmets could do nothing to save
innocent millions in Cambodia, Rwanda, the Balkans and Darfur.
Elected governments replaced autocrats in Panama, Nicaragua, Serbia,
Afghanistan and Iraq because of U.S. action -- not U.N. resolutions. The
multibillion-dollar Oil-for-Food disgrace dwarfs the Enron mess but shares the
same symptoms of influence peddling, shredded documents and funny insider
accounting.
Any council is only as good as its membership. Thus allowing a Sudan, Cuba,
Iran or North Korea into the General Assembly de facto gave them as much
legitimacy as a democratic Brazil, the Netherlands or South Africa.
If the U.S. more than 140 years ago fought a war to end slavery, why does
the U.N. still welcome a country like Sudan that will not? Many delegates vote
only when they come to the United Nations. They would never offer their own
people the rights their spokesmen take for granted in New York.
Redistributing, rather than fostering, wealth seems to be the U.N.'s
prescription for world poverty -- as if a poor Mexico, Nigeria or Venezuela is
without natural riches, or a rich Japan or Switzerland is endowed with oil and
land.
The hallowed Western liberal idea that collective reason should trump force
works with democracies, but how does one persuade a Pol Pot, Kim Jong-il or
Saddam Hussein to stop murdering his own people and others, without some
credible threat of force? While the U.S. legislative, judicial and executive
branches check one another, who or what watchdogs the U.N.?
Why not insist upon a democratic constitution as a prerequisite for a nation
to belong to the U.N.? Why should France deserve a Security Council seat and not
Japan and India -- especially since creation of the European Union should equate
to a single European veto? And why promote lifelong U.N. apparatchiks like the
stained Kurt Waldheim or Kofi Annan, when outsiders of real accomplishment and
proven integrity like Vaclav Havel or Eli Wiesel would make honorable
secretary-generals?
Then there is the location iof the U.N. headquarters in Turtle Bay.
Diplomats live the Manhattan high life a world apart from the crises they are
supposed to address in Africa and Asia. Global media coverage from nearby
studios -- "live from New York" -- tends to provide an electronic megaphone for
fashionable anti-Americanism on the cheap. Never have so many delegates wished
to live in a place for which they profess such a public dislike.
The U.N should move to a Bolivia, Congo or the West Bank, to monitor and
address firsthand hunger, war and strife.
Yes, the United States should still belong and pay it dues, predicated on a
whole series of radical structural reforms. But meanwhile, to restore their lost
symbolic capital, let these well-heeled utopians practice their craft where the
world's crises -- rather than its easy rhetoric -- reside.
Victor Davis Hanson is a classicist and historian at the Hoover
Institution, Stanford
University.